{"id":5684,"date":"2023-03-30T10:47:04","date_gmt":"2023-03-30T08:47:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/haertha.dev.neuekommunikation.de\/wordpress\/?post_type=verfahren&#038;p=5684"},"modified":"2025-10-16T06:38:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T04:38:57","slug":"quenching-and-tempering","status":"publish","type":"verfahren","link":"https:\/\/haertha.de\/en\/process\/quenching-and-tempering\/","title":{"rendered":"Quenching and tempering"},"content":{"rendered":"<section id=\"popup-verfahren-header-block_77e1b0f216c6d0ad819c25f795b93621\" class=\"popup popup-video\"><div class=\"popup__content\"><div class=\"close\"><span><\/span><span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"VERFAHREN_Vergu\u0308ten_EN\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/836568620?h=9b2e9169db&amp;dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&#038;muted=0&#038;controls=1&#038;hd=1&#038;loop=1&#038;autohide=1&#038;autoplay=0&#038;dnt=1\" width=\"640\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" class=\"video-play\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-header-block_77e1b0f216c6d0ad819c25f795b93621\" class=\"verfahren-header-video\" >   \r\n\r\n    <div class=\"embed-container popup-vimeo\">\r\n        <iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"LOOP_Vergu\u0308ten\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/813128890?h=284269625b&amp;dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963&#038;controls=0&#038;hd=1&#038;loop=1&#038;autohide=0&#038;dnt=1&#038;autoplay=1&#038;muted=1\" width=\"640\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe>    <\/div>  \r\n    \r\n    <div class=\"video-button popup-button\" data-number=\"verfahren-header-block_77e1b0f216c6d0ad819c25f795b93621\"><a href=\"javascript:void(0);\" class=\"popup-button btn-video btn-cta\" data-number=\"verfahren-header-block_77e1b0f216c6d0ad819c25f795b93621\"><div class=\"btn-open-video\"><span class=\"btn-decor-left\"><\/span><span class=\"text\"> Show film<\/span><span class=\"btn-decor-right\"><\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_1ea490db66e56c3705a2e41e6e917015\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\"Das Verfahren und seine Vorteile\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\">The process and its advantages<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><p class=\" translation-block\">As a rule, only materials that can be hardened are suitable for quenching and tempering. The development of the desired martensite or bainite microstructure requires the carbon content to be at least 0.2%. Suitability for quenching and tempering is furthermore influenced by the grain size. Generally, the material used is <strong>heat-treatable steel with a carbon content between 0.35% and 0.6%<\/strong>. However, non-ferrous metals such as titanium alloys are also suitable for the process. Other steels are better suited for edge layer hardening.<\/p>\n<p>Quenching and tempering is performed in three steps: heating to the austenitising temperature\/ <strong>hardening, quenching, and tempering.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5685\" src=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/haerten-anlassen-prozessbeispiel_ENG.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/haerten-anlassen-prozessbeispiel_ENG.png 2000w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/haerten-anlassen-prozessbeispiel_ENG-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/haerten-anlassen-prozessbeispiel_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/haerten-anlassen-prozessbeispiel_ENG-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/haerten-anlassen-prozessbeispiel_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/haerten-anlassen-prozessbeispiel_ENG-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/haerten-anlassen-prozessbeispiel_ENG-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\" translation-block\"><span class=\"block\" style=\"color: #ffffff;background-color: #6ab651;padding: 3rem\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">INFO: What is the difference between hardening and quenching and tempering?<br>\nHardening and quenching and tempering differ in their objectives and in the last step of the respective procedure. While hardening focuses on creating a wear-resistant surface, the process of quenching and tempering aims to achieve great strength\/toughness.<br>\nThis difference in properties is achieved by applying significantly higher tempering temperatures during quenching and tempering. The tempering temperature during hardening is between 200 \u00b0C and 400 \u00b0C, while it ranges between 550 \u00b0C and 700 \u00b0C during quenching and tempering.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #6ab651;\"><br>Hardening<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>During hardening, the component is heated at a rate of over 4 K\/min until the temperature reaches at least the austenitising temperature of the material. The appropriate rate of heating is essential because raising the temperature too quickly increases the risk of cracks and warping.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #6ab651;\">Quenching<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hardening is followed by the quenching process. During this step, the heater material is cooled down quickly in a suitable quenching medium. Commonly used media are water, air, and oil. The quenching medium, the temperature, and the speed determine the target microstructure of the material, and its properties.<\/p>\n<p>The maximum rate of cooling using mineral oil is 150-200 \u00b0C\/s. The speed can be three times as high during the cooling using water.<\/p>\n<p>For sub-eutectoid steels, the quenching temperature range is 30 \u00b0C to 50 \u00b0C above the AC3 temperature specified in the iron-carbon chart. For hypereutectoid steels, the temperature prior to quenching should be just above the AC1 given in the iron-carbon chart.<\/p>\n<p>The thickness of the component (s) determines the dwell time (tH) in the quenching medium. The following formula helps estimate the dwell time:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6499\" src=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/230403_Formel_Haltezeit-1-300x61.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"61\" srcset=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/230403_Formel_Haltezeit-1-300x61.png 300w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/230403_Formel_Haltezeit-1-1024x209.png 1024w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/230403_Formel_Haltezeit-1-768x157.png 768w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/230403_Formel_Haltezeit-1-1536x313.png 1536w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/230403_Formel_Haltezeit-1-18x4.png 18w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/230403_Formel_Haltezeit-1.png 1667w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>If the carbon is in a dissolved state in the austenite, then the austenitising temperature can be increased to dissolve the carbides completely. This leads to the formation of martensite and embrittlement, which can be treated by subsequent tempering. On the other hand, a temperature below the austenitising temperature may result in soft ferrite nuclei in the martensite. This occurrence is referred to as soft spot formation.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #6ab651;\">Tempering<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tempering is used to remove the so-called glass hardness after the quenching step. The process can take place in different tempering stages. The first one is best performed immediately after quenching. The tempering temperature during this step is approx. 150 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>The needle martensite or the tetragonal martensite microstructure resulting from the hardening process is now transformed into a cubic martensite microstructure, with the precipitation of fine to ultra-fine carbides. The volume of the material decreases, and the grain lattice relaxes.<\/p>\n<p>This prevents dislocations from sliding at high loads, and crack formation resulting from this. The secondary hardness maximum resulting from balancing hardness and toughness is attained.<\/p>\n<p>Additional tempering stages can be carried out at temperatures between 200 \u00b0C and 350 \u00b0C to increase the hardness of the workpiece even further. When applied to high-alloy steels, a tempering stage above 500 \u00b0C can convert the iron carbide to more stable special carbides.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5698\" src=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/anlassfarben-stahl_ENG.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/anlassfarben-stahl_ENG.png 2000w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/anlassfarben-stahl_ENG-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/anlassfarben-stahl_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/anlassfarben-stahl_ENG-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/anlassfarben-stahl_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/anlassfarben-stahl_ENG-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/anlassfarben-stahl_ENG-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The diagram shows the material properties that can be achieved by tempering in the respective material.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #6ab651;\">The advantages at a glance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The quenching and tempering of materials offers the following essential advantages:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\" translation-block\">Balance of <b>high strength and high toughness<\/b><\/li>\n<li>High resistance to plastic deformation (thanks to high strength)<\/li>\n<li class=\" translation-block\">Considerably <b>lower risk of cracking and breakage<\/b> (thanks to high toughness)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_3167bcebd81e975300acc9cc656c0edd\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\"Anwendungsbereiche\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\">the process and its advantages<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><p>The objective of quenching and tempering is to achieve the best possible relationship between high strength and toughness. This is of particular importance for components that are subjected to particularly high loads and must possess the corresponding resistance. Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Crankshafts<\/li>\n<li>Forged parts<\/li>\n<li>Machine parts<\/li>\n<li>Fixture parts<\/li>\n<li>Components for agricultural technology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_3ad4411ce1f86ea8cd6a1f801f72b1d3\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\"Geeignete Werkstoffe\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\">Suitable materials<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Certain alloying elements can increase the steel\u2019s suitability for quenching and tempering, as well as its strength. One of the most widely used heat-treatable steels is 42CrMo4, a chromium-molybdenum alloy steel.<\/p>\n<p>An overview of other suitable materials can be found in the material table.<\/p>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_a967524d75ec95e9154e7def68b4479a\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\"Kundenangaben zum Verg\u00fcten\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\">Customer specifications for quenching and tempering<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Would you like to commission quenching and tempering from us? We look forward to working with you and need the following information:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Material designation<\/li>\n<li>Desired target hardness and properties<\/li>\n<li>Planned subsequent processing steps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_86f4081b3b60a55beafb4b0118755e3e\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\"Verfahrensstandorte\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\">Process locations<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">Quenching and tempering is standard good practice at H\u00e4rtha. Refer to our  <a href=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/en\/standorte\/\" target=\"_self\">location overview<\/a> for more information.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":5679,"menu_order":6,"template":"","verfahrenstechnik":[7],"class_list":["post-5684","verfahren","type-verfahren","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","verfahrenstechnik-haerten-anlassen"],"acf":{"text_cta":"Verg\u00fcten ist eine kombinierte W\u00e4rmebehandlung zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Metallen. Zun\u00e4chst wird das Bauteil geh\u00e4rtet, abgeschreckt und anschlie\u00dfend angelassen, so dass sich eine h\u00f6here Festigkeit bei gleichzeitig hoher Z\u00e4higkeit ausbildet. Die Verg\u00fctung eignet sich vor allem f\u00fcr Stahl, aber auch f\u00fcr Nichteisenmetalle.\r\n\r\nEgal ob kurzfristige Fertigung von Einzelteilen oder umfangreiche Serienfertigung \u2013 bei H\u00e4rtha bieten wir die Kapazit\u00e4ten und die Expertise, um Ihren Auftrag effizient und in bester Qualit\u00e4t umzusetzen.","contact_location":[248,12,254,49,244,260,252,256,250,11495,12944],"materials":"on","tablepress":[{"tabellen_name_":"Verg\u00fcten","tabelpress_shortcode":"[table id=55 \/]"}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Verg\u00fcten | H\u00c4RTHA GROUP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Was versteht man unter Verg\u00fcten \u2713 Verfahren\/Arbeitsschritte \u2713 Unterschied: H\u00e4rten und Verg\u00fcten \u2713 Vorteile und Anwendung.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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