{"id":521,"date":"2023-01-26T14:45:24","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T13:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/haertha.dev.neuekommunikation.de\/wordpress\/?post_type=verfahren&#038;p=521"},"modified":"2025-10-16T06:42:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T04:42:35","slug":"annealing","status":"publish","type":"verfahren","link":"https:\/\/haertha.de\/en\/process\/annealing\/","title":{"rendered":"Annealing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"verfahren-header-image-block_fed22edb9a5d01a02a985c59ff522ed2\" class=\"verfahren-header-image\" >   \r\n\r\n    <div class=\"image-wrapper\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img-fluid\" src=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Gluehen_P1002837.png\" alt=\"\" \/>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n    \r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_64a39edc41f8b1b8a85b2a695b9fe1e2\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\"Unterteilung des Gl\u00fchvorgangs\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\">Subdivision of the annealing process\r\n<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><p>Annealing can be divided into three phases.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phase 1: Heating<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The first phase is the heating step. During this step, <b>the workpiece is heated to the annealing temperature<\/b> and then heated all the way through. In this phase, it is important to observe the specific heating rate for the respective material.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phase 2: Dwell<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The second phase is called the dwell phase. The component is <b>held constant at the annealing temperature<\/b>, allowing temperature equalisation throughout the entire workpiece.\nIn addition, the desired physical and chemical processes can now be balanced. The necessary dwell time depends on the type of material, the shape of the component, and the position in the annealing furnace.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phase 3: Cooling<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The process concludes with the cooling. The component is now <b>cooled down to the ambient temperature<\/b>. The cooling rate can play an important role in this phase as well.\nThis ends the annealing process.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4635 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG.png 2000w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/gluehfarben_ENG-1106x1106.png 1106w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Annealing colours for the annealing of steel<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More complex thermal treatments<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The three annealing phases may have to be subdivided further <b>especially when high quality requirements<\/b> are imposed on a material. For some types of material, the treatment is subdivided into nine stages. These subdivisions are specified in <b>annealing specifications\/annealing programmes<\/b>. However, the term \"annealing programme\" is also used for several consecutive annealing processes applied to different products or to the same workpiece.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Distinction by annealing method<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Annealing is categorised into the following methods:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/verfahren\/normalgluehen\/\">Normal annealing<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/verfahren\/weichgluehen\/\">Soft annealing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Annealing to spherical cementite<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/verfahren\/spannungsarmgluehen\/\">stress-free annealing<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Coarse grain annealing<\/li>\n<li>Recrystallisation annealing<\/li>\n<li>Diffusion annealing or homogenisation annealing<\/li>\n<li>Low hydrogen annealing or hydrogen effusion annealing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The normalising of steels is also referred to as <b>normal annealing<\/b>. The goal of this process is to evenly distribute a fine-grained crystallite microstructure across the entire workpiece. The necessary temperature depends on the carbon content. Low-carbon metals can be treated by normal annealing up to 950 \u00b0C. Steels with a high carbon content, on the other hand, are normally annealed just below 800 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The temperatures used during soft annealing range between 650 \u00b0C and 800 \u00b0C. In this temperature range, the precipitation of cementite and pearlite is reduced. The steel's hardness and strength are both reduced, and its formability is increased.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The process of <strong>ASC annealing<\/strong>, short for annealing on spherical cementite, is comparable to soft annealing. The focus here is on attaining a high degree of incorporated carbide, in order to enable cold forming at room temperature. This is achieved by cycle annealing and slow cooling.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The objective of <a href=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/en\/verfahren\/spannungsarmgluehen\/\" target=\"_self\"><strong>stress-free annealing<\/strong><\/a> is to eliminate residual stress in the steel, without affecting its other properties. This is achieved at temperatures between 480\n\u00b0C and 680 \u00b0C.<br>\n<br>\nAs the name suggests, <strong>coarse grain annealing<\/strong> increases the size of the crystallites, resulting in reduced strength and toughness - and creating ideal conditions for metal-cutting machining.<br>\n<br>\nDuring <strong>recrystallisation annealing<\/strong>, the material is heated to a temperature just above the individual recrystallisation temperature. This temperature depends on the degree of deformation and the melting temperature of the material. It generally lies between 550 \u00b0C and 700 \u00b0C. The aim of this annealing method is to return crystallite microstructures previously altered by cold forming to their original state.<br>\n<br>\nAnother method is diffusion annealing, also called <strong>homogenisation annealing<\/strong>. At temperatures between 1,050 \u00b0C and 1,300 \u00b0C, foreign atoms are incorporated evenly into the metal lattice of the workpiece being treated. This process can take up to two days.<br>\n<br>\nFinally, there is <strong>hydrogen effusion annealing<\/strong>, or low hydrogen annealing. At temperatures between 200 \u00b0C and 300 \u00b0C, an effusion process takes place. This involves the release of hydrogen atoms which previously embrittled the material.<br><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The advantages at a glance<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In summary, various annealing methods can yield the following benefits:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enhanced mechanical properties<\/b><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">A microstructure better suited for cold forming<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reduction of stresses<\/b><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Improved preparation for cutting and non-cutting machining<\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\">Restoration of the initial state<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_79729aed175761d4886a20d55d572428\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\"Anwendungsbereiche und Werkstoffe\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\">Applications and materials\r\n<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 6\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p class=\" translation-block\">Annealing is a process that is generally suitable <strong>for all metals<\/strong>. However, it is primarily used for semi-finished products as well as for castings, cold-worked steels, and cold-worked wires.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_befdb4e333b70bba788917981ef9e2d9\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\" Kundenangaben zur W\u00e4rmebehandlung (Gl\u00fchen)\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\"> Customer specifications for heat treatment (annealing)\r\n<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Are you ready to commission annealing from us? Then we need the following information to make a proposal:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The material designation<\/li>\n<li>The annealing method<\/li>\n<li>If applicable, the microstructural strength<\/li>\n<li>If applicable, the hardness in Brinell units (HB)<\/li>\n<li>The annealing microstructure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"verfahren-text-block_46df8e16eb54ed35672f0cfffe9e18d4\" class=\"verfahren-text toc\" data-toctitle=\"Verfahrensstandorte\" style=\"\">\r\n    <div class=\"row\">\r\n        <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n            <div class=\"content-wrapper\" >\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"box\">\r\n                                            <div class=\"nummber\"> \r\n                            \r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                        \r\n                                            <h2 class=\"headline\">Process locations\r\n<\/h2>\r\n                                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            \r\n                <div class=\"content-box texteditor\" style=\"\">                    \r\n                    <p><div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p class=\" translation-block\">Refer to our <a href=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/en\/standorte\/\" target=\"_self\">location overview<\/a> to find out where we can process your annealing orders.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\r\n                    <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\"><\/div>\r\n                    \r\n                    <style>\r\n                        .sonder-zeichen{\r\n                            display: flex;\r\n                            flex-direction: row;\r\n                            gap: 15px;\r\n                        }\r\n                        .zeichen{\r\n                            color: #C9C9C9;\r\n                            position: relative;\r\n                            line-height: 66px;\r\n                            font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 1.9766rem + 2.1484vw, 4.125rem);\r\n                        }\r\n                    <\/style>\r\n                    \r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":1360,"menu_order":401,"template":"","verfahrenstechnik":[9],"class_list":["post-521","verfahren","type-verfahren","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","verfahrenstechnik-gluehen"],"acf":{"text_cta":"Gl\u00fchen ist ein Begriff aus der Werkstoffkunde und ein Verfahren zur W\u00e4rmebehandlung von Metall. Beim Gl\u00fchen wird das Bauteil <b>zun\u00e4chst angew\u00e4rmt, dann durchgew\u00e4rmt und anschlie\u00dfend abgek\u00fchlt.<\/b> Ziel sind eine geringere H\u00e4rte, eine h\u00f6here Biegsamkeit und weniger innere Spannungen. Zudem geh\u00f6rt das Gl\u00fchen gem\u00e4\u00df DIN 8580 zu den Fertigungsverfahren mit einer Ver\u00e4nderung der Stoffeigenschaft. <\/b>\r\n\r\n\r\nBei H\u00e4rtha betreiben wir moderne Anlagen an verschiedenen Standorten. So k\u00f6nnen wir auch kurzfristige Auftr\u00e4ge termingerecht gl\u00fchen \u2013 egal ob Einzelteile oder ganze Serien. Verlassen Sie sich auf maximale Qualit\u00e4t dank jahrzehntelanger Erfahrung.","contact_location":[12,254,49,244,260,248,252,256,250,9859,12944],"materials":"on","tablepress":[{"tabellen_name_":"","tabelpress_shortcode":""}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Gl\u00fchen | H\u00c4RTHA GROUP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Was versteht man unter Gl\u00fchen \u2713 Gl\u00fchvorgang: 3 Phasen \u2713 Verschiedene Gl\u00fchverfahren \u2713 Vorteile + Anwendungsbereiche.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/en\/process\/annealing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gl\u00fchen | H\u00c4RTHA GROUP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Was versteht man unter Gl\u00fchen \u2713 Gl\u00fchvorgang: 3 Phasen \u2713 Verschiedene Gl\u00fchverfahren \u2713 Vorteile + Anwendungsbereiche.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/en\/process\/annealing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"H\u00c4RTHA GROUP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-16T04:42:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Gluehen_P1002837_beitragsbild.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/ricottura\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/ricottura\/\",\"name\":\"Gl\u00fchen | H\u00c4RTHA GROUP\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/ricottura\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/ricottura\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Gluehen_P1002837_beitragsbild.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-26T13:45:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-16T04:42:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"Was versteht man unter Gl\u00fchen \u2713 Gl\u00fchvorgang: 3 Phasen \u2713 Verschiedene Gl\u00fchverfahren \u2713 Vorteile + Anwendungsbereiche.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/ricottura\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/ricottura\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/ricottura\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Gluehen_P1002837_beitragsbild.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Gluehen_P1002837_beitragsbild.png\",\"width\":1333,\"height\":1333},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/ricottura\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Verfahren\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/processi\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Gl\u00fchen\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/\",\"name\":\"H\u00c4RTHA GROUP\",\"description\":\"Hardening Industries H\u00e4rterei H\u00c4RTHA GROUP.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/haertha.de\/it\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Annealing | H\u00c4RTHA GROUP","description":"What is meant by annealing? 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